Cervical cancer and precancerous cells usually form at the junction where the endocervix and ectocervix meet. When the cervical cancer is in the early stage, there are usually no signs, and no symptoms are seen. However, as the cancer progresses, symptoms may include vaginal discharge which can be watery or bloody with a foul odor, vaginal bleeding after menopause, between periods, or after intercourse, pelvic pain, and pain during intercourse.

The treatment for cervical cancer depends different factors such as the the stage of the cancer and other health issues. Surgery is often the preferred option for early-stage cervical cancer. Other treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and palliative care. Mostly the cervical cancers are caused by the HPV, these are also known as human papillomavirus. Therefore, it is recommended for women to receive vaccine for it or the HPV vaccine.

HPV vaccine helps prevent HPV types. These HPV types are the ones that cause most cervical cancers. Along with it they cause other cancers of the vagina, vulva, anus and oropharynx. It also protects against HPV types that cause most genital warts. The best time to get the HPV vaccine is between the ages of 11 and 12, but it can also be given to girls between the ages of 13 and 26 if they haven't been vaccinated yet. Even after vaccination, regular Pap tests are still recommended.